Paraphimosis in Dogs: What to Do

Male dogs can develop a medical emergency when the penis gets stuck outside of the prepuce (the protective skin sheath in which it resides). This tissue is not meant to stay outside of the body for too long and quickly becomes dry, swollen, and then starts to die off.

This article examines why paraphimosis occurs, how to recognise the signs, and what needs to be done. It provides information on first aid care and veterinary intervention and offers tips on how to prevent future episodes.

What is Paraphimosis in Dogs?

Paraphimosis is when a dog’s penis comes out of the prepuce when they have an erection, and this is a normal bodily function. Prolonged penile protrusion- when the penis is stuck out for two hours or longer- is called ‘paraphimosis’. The penis gets dried out and swollen, and it can no longer retract by itself.

Cases of paraphimosis are not especially common, but it is seen more often in adolescent and young adult dogs. It can be seen more often after episodes of humping or mating. Interestingly, it is very rare in cats

How It Affects Your Dog

Initially, your dog may not seem too irritated. However, over time, as the penis becomes more swollen and dry, your dog will become upset and irritated by what is happening.

Your dog will be licking their penis excessively and may also exhibit signs such as whining, panting and restless pacing. They may be walking stiffly or with a limp.

Causes of Paraphimosis in Dogs

It is not always clear what causes paraphimosis, but there are some known triggers.

Physical Injuries

Direct trauma to the penis can lead to a damaged prepuce, meaning it can no longer hold the penis inside adequately. This can occur, for example, after a dog bite or laceration from a fence.

Underlying Medical Conditions

A range of medical issues can also be to blame. These include neurological disorders or anything that compresses the spinal cord, such as a slipped disc.

They also include infections, tumours, muscle weakness (due to Addison’s disease, for example), or anatomical defects, such as a narrow preputial opening (phimosis).

Sometimes, chronic or severe constipation can lead to paraphimosis due to the straining. This is uncommon.

Breed Predispositions

Certain breeds are known to be predisposed to this condition, including the German Shepherd, Golden Retriever and Bouvier des Flandres.

Those with long hair are more prone to issues, as the hair can trap the penis outside, acting like a tourniquet.

Symptoms to Watch for

When you’ve got a male dog, it is sensible to know what their penis looks like, so you can identify any issues promptly.

Early Warning Signs

Do not be alarmed if your dog gets an erection, as this is to be expected. However, note what time it begins, as if their penis is staying out for too long; this indicates an issue.

Early signs that your dog is not happy would include restlessness, panting, pacing and excessive penis licking (though they will lick a lot when they have an erection too).

Severe or Emergency Symptoms

As signs progress, you may notice the penis looks dry and sore. It can become swollen and discoloured- dark red or purple. Your dog may refuse to play or walk much and might even have trouble passing urine.

If the penis is out for a very long time, the tissue can become necrotic (black and dead) as the blood supply is compromised.

First Aid Steps You Can Take at Home

If you are concerned that your dog is unable to retract their penis and it has been out for too long, there are things you can do to help from home.

Keeping the Area Clean

You want the dog to be in a clean area, not outside on soil or sand. If the exposed tissue appears dirty, you can clean it with warm water. Use a buster collar to prevent licking.

Lubrication Techniques

A sterile lubricant such as KY jelly can be applied liberally to the area. This not only prevents drying out, but may even lead to the penis going back in.

If you feel confident to do so and your dog tolerates it, you can gently try to put the penis back in. There will be a little resistance, but do not force the penis if it is not going in quickly.

When to Avoid Home Intervention

Do not try to intervene if you are at risk of getting bitten or if your dog’s penis is clearly unhealthy and needs emergency vet help. Similarly, head straight for the clinic if your dog is collapsed, unable to pass urine, or if there is visibly necrotic tissue.

Veterinary Treatment Options

You’ll need to rush your dog to the vet if its penis is not retracting, despite at-home care.

Manual Reduction

Your vet will do what they can to put the penis back inside, using copious lubrication. They can also try to shrink the penis down first, by bathing it in a sugary solution.

A cold compress may help reduce the size of the penis. For some dogs, sedation is needed to allow the procedure.

Surgical Intervention

Vets sometimes need to place a urinary catheter if there is difficulty passing urine. It may also be advised that some sutures are placed at the opening of the prepuce temporarily, to prevent the penis from getting stuck out in the near future.

Medications and Pain Management

This is an uncomfortable condition, and most dogs benefit from some pain relief and anti-inflammatory medications. Antibiotic will be prescribed if there is evidence of infected or necrotic skin.

Recovery and Aftercare

Once your dog goes home, they should fully and rapidly recover.

Preventing Recurrence

A dog who has experienced paraphimosis in the past will be more prone to future episodes. Owners should be vigilant and monitor for recurrence.

It helps to keep the fur in the area trimmed short. Neutering the dog is also usually a good idea, as this reduces the frequency of erections and humping.

Monitoring for Complications

Importantly, make sure your dog is able to pass urine as they normally would, and that they are not straining or just passing small drips. The penis tissue should be a healthy pink colour, and not dark or scabby.

Though a little licking is to be expected, if your dog is paying lots of attention to the area, there may be an infection or recurrence of the paraphimosis.

When to Seek Urgent Veterinary Help

Paraphimosis is a true emergency, and you need to see the vet immediately if the penis is stuck out. Delaying vet care could lead to permanent damage and trouble passing urine.

Learn More About Paraphimosis in Dogs

Contact us at any time if you have concerns that your dog may be experiencing paraphimosis or if you have any questions about the condition. Our experienced team is here to help.

Paraphimosis in Dogs FAQs

Can Paraphimosis in Dogs Go Away on Its Own?

Yes, it is possible for a very mild episode to resolve by itself, particularly if the penis has not been stuck out for long. However, if the penis has been out for more than 2 hours, your dog needs urgent vet care.

How Can I Prevent Paraphimosis in My Dog?

Not every episode can be prevented. If your dog has experienced an episode, it is a good idea to consider castration and to keep the fur around their penis trimmed short.

Is Paraphimosis in Dogs an Emergency?

This is a true emergency situation, and your dog needs to be seen right away if they cannot retract their penis.